How do you determine that a company has a low risk of fraud and corruption?

We are very careful in our stock selection and screening, talking to people in local markets who know the REPUTATION of our target investments and their managements and boards. There is also a tendency for the companies that end up meeting our investment criteria being subsidiaries of multi-national companies operating in Africa. They are usually subject to generally high standards of corporate governance, and it helps provide a filter. e.g. We own subsidiaries of Heidelberg Cement, AB-InBev, Rabobank, FrigoGlass, Heineken, Japan Tobacco International, BAT, etc.